Itegeko nshinga ry’u Rwanda, riha abanyarwanda bose uburenganzira ku buzima bwiza, ndetse Leta ikagira inshingano zo guteza imbere ibikorwa nkerwa ngo ibyo bishoboke. Aha ariko, Nta wavuga ubuzima bwiza ngo yirengagize ingingo abantu bose bahuriraho yo gukenera ubwiherero, haba ku nzira, mu rugo, ku kazi ndetse n’ahandi bajyanwa n’impamvu zinyuranye.
Ubwiherero bukenerwa n’abihitira, baba abamara umwanya uringaniye n’umunini aho bazindukiye, baba abashyitsi n’abasangwa, abahujwe no gusangira, abateranijwe n’ibibazo n’ababazaniye ibisubizo, ndetse n’abahanganye.
Ni yo mpamvu, itegeko rigenga ibidukikije ryo muri Kanama 2018, ingingo ya 37 irebana n’amazi n’isukura ivuga ko Leta ifite inshingano zo gushyiraho ubwiherero rusange mu rwego rwo gufasha rubanda kubona aho bikiranurira n’umubiri hagamijwe kwimakaza isuku no kurengera ibidukikije.
Aha kandi, leta igomba gushyiraho ingamba zihamye, zerekeye imicungire y’isuku mu nyubako, ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, ku mihanda no mu ngo.
Ibarura rusange rya gatanu ry’abaturage n’imiturire rigaragaza ko mu Rwanda 72 ku ijana ry’ingo bafite ubwiherero bwujuje ibisabwa mu ngo zabo, uretse ko 44 ku ijana mu mijyi, usanga ubwo bwiherero babusangiye ari ingo nyinshi.
N’ubwo iyi mibare ubwayo igaragaza ko hakiri urugendo, iyo umunyarwanda asohotse mu rugo rwe, hamwe na hamwe ibijyanye no kujya mu bwiherero bigenda birushaho kugorana.
Mu mijyi, ahabonetse ubwiherero naho, usanga umugenzi agomba kwishyura, cyangwa se akinginga abakorera mu nyubako yagiye guhahiramo ngo bamutize agafunguzo akoreshe ubwiherero.
Ni nako bigenda ku mugenzi wihitira ukubwe ari ku nzira, haba mu cyaro haba mu mujyi; kuko nta bwiherero rusange, aba agomba guhagarika imodoka akajya ku rugo ruri hafi agasaba ubwiherero, rimwe na rimwe akabubura cyangwa agasanga budatunganye.
Nko mu ngendo ndende, ahenshi ku bashoboye gutinyuka, usanga bahagarika imodoka ku gashyamba, bakagenda bakikinga ku gahuru cyangwa ku giti maze bakitunganya, barangiza bakaza bagakomeza urugendo.
Muri izi ngingo zose zo gushaka ubwiherero n’imvune zirimo, abagore, abakobwa n’abana ni bo bahura n’ikibazo kurusha abagabo.
Kuva muri Banki ugashakira ubwiherero mu baturanyi
Abanyamakuru ba Kigali Today basanze ikibazo cy’ubwiherero kigaragara cyane cyane muri banki n’ibigo by’imari, aho bisa nk’aho bibujijwe kugira ubwiherero rusange.
Nk’i Muhanga, iyo ubajije Farumasi, Banki n’ibindi bigo bitanga serivisi, bagusubiza bagira bati “Ubwiherero rusange ariko hano si ngombwa. Mu by’ukuri hano hanyura abantu bahabwa serivisi zihuta ku buryo igihe cyo kuba bakenera ubwiherero baba bagiye. N’ubwo bavuga batyo ariko harik ubwo ujya muri banki ukamarayi isaha cyangwa se ukanayirenza mu gihe hari abantu benshi.
Niyo mpamvu, abagana banki z’i Muhanga, ahanini ziganje ku muhanda wa Muhanga-Nyanza I Gahogo, usanga iyo bakeneye kwikiranura n’umubiri bava ku murongo bakajya mu tubari duturanye na banki, dore ko ho usanga “kwinjira ari ubuntu.”
Icyakora I Muhanga, amwe mu mabanki yo aturanye n’izindi nyubako zifite ubwiherero rusange bugurishwa, aho usanga umubyeyi, umusore cyangwa inkumi ku muryango, wasohoka ukagana aho buri ukishyura ubundi ugakora ibyo ukora maze ukagaruka ku murongo. Aha wishyura igiceri cy’ijana cash cyangwa se kuri telefoni.
Ikibazo cy’ubwiherero mu ma banki, kigaragara kandi mu karere ka Huye, umujyi uhorana urujya n’uruza kuva ku wa mbere kugera ku wundi wa mbere.
Mu bawugenda harimo abacuruzi n’abarema isoko, abanyeshuri n’abarezi babo, abihaye Imana, abakozi baturutse mu zindi ntara bari muri misiyo z’akazi n’abandi.
Naho ibijyanye n’ubwiherero mu mabanki, ntacyo barusha ahandi. Umubyeyi utuye mu karere ka Huye yabwiye umunyamakuru wacu ingorane yahuye na zo mu minsi ishize, ubwo yazaga kuri banki gushaka serivisi, kandi akuriwe.
Yagize ati: “Ntwite ndi hafi kubyara najyaga njya kuri banki (izina twaribitse) ariko kubera umurongo munini w’abakiriya bikaba ngombwa ko ntindayo nyamara nkeneye kujya kwihagarika buri kanya. Najyaga gutira ubwiherero hanze ya Banki ariko kubera gutinya ko nashoboraga gusanga amasaha yo gukinga yageze, nasigaga nsabye uruhushya ushinzwe umutekano uri ku muryango kugira ngo ataza kunyangira kwinjira.”
Naho mu mujyi wa Nyagatare, mu bigo by’imari bigera ku icumi umunyamakuru wacu yasuye, yasanze bitatu gusa ari byo bifite ubwiherero rusange, mu gihe mu bigo by’itumanaho byo, umukiriya agomba kuva iwe yikemuriye ikibazo.
Aha, umuturage yagize ati “mfite impungenge ko muri ibi bigo by’itumanaho n’abakozi ubwabo nta bwiherero bwihariye bagira.”
Niwebabyeyi w’imyaka 37 w’i Rubavu we, avuga ko iyo akeneye ubwiherero muri uyu mujyi wo ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na Congo yiyambaza utubari mu mujyi wa Gisenyi.
Ati “Ni serivisi mbi no kudaha umukiriya agaciro, nibura zishyirweho uyikeneye yishyure nko muri gare cyangwa ku nsengero ariko atabanje kubunza imitima.”
Ubu buryo bw’imyishyurire burashoboka no muri banki z’i Musanze, aho ziganje mu isoko rya kijyambere ryitwa Goico, ariko iziri hanze nazo zifite ikibazo cy’ubwiherero.
Mu mujyi wa Kigali naho ikibazo cy’ubwiherero kirahari mu mabanki. Uretse amabanki akodesha mu mazu manini y’ubucuruzi afite ubwiherero bwishyuzwa, amashami y’amabanki akorera mu mazu yo ku rwego ruciriritse, nayo ntatanga ubwiherero ku bakiriya.
Ku cyicaro k’imwe muri banki ziri mu mujyi wa Kigali ariko, iyo usabye ubwiherero muri iyo nzu iteye amabengeza, ushinzwe umutekano akurangira muri corridor nini, wahagera ugasanga hakinze agafunguzo gafitwe n’umukozi ushinzwe isuku y’ubwiherero, yaba atari hafi bikagusaba kwambuka umuhanda, ugatira ubwihugiko butoya abubatse inzu basigiye abashinzwe umutekano w’igipangu.
Banki zitagira ubwiherero, ziranyuranya n’amabwiriza rusange ya Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda yerekeye kurengera umuguzi wa Serivise y’imari. Mu ngingo ya 73 y’ayo mabwiriza uyashyizweho mu Kwakira 2022, Banki nkuru y’igihugu ivuga ko utanga serivisi y’imari ashyiraho ibikorwaremezo n’ibikoresho byorohereza abaguzi kugera k’utanga serivisi y’imari, birimo ubwiherero bw’abakiriya buri ahantu hakwiye.
NSABIMANA Gerard ushinzwe ubugenzuzi muri banki nkuru y’u Rwanda yabwiye Kigali Today ko aya mabwiriza ahari kandi agomba kubahirizwa. “Ubu twatangiye igenzura kandi aho dusanze bitari turabahana ndetse n’ejo hari abo twafungiye.”
Nsabimana yirinze gutangaza ikigo na kimwe mu byafatiwe ibihano, inzu bikoreramo zigafungwa, avuga ko ibyo ari ibanga ridakwiye kujya mu binyamakuru. Abajijwe umubare nibura w’abamaze gufatirwa ibihano, uyu mukozi yavuze ko hafunzwe ibigo 2 by’imari ariko n’amashami menshi nayo agahagarikwa.
Ahandi hagomba gushyirwa ubwiherero rusange bukaba budahari, ni ikibazo cyabazwa Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, icyakora nabo Kigalitodaya yarabegereye ariko nta makuru ahagije bayihaye uretse gusa kuvuga ko hari itegeko n’ibihano ku bataryubahiriza.
Gukwirakwiza Umwanda
Kutagira ubwiherero rusange, kubugira ariko bikaba bigoye kubugeraho kuko bwishyuzwa, kuba buhari ariko bukaba budakorerwa isuku, ni zimwe mu mpamvu z’ingenzi zituma abagana imijyi y’u Rwanda bakwirakwiza umwanda, atari uko ari abanyamwanda muri kamere yabo ahubwo ari ukubura uko bagira.
Sibomana Innocent ukorera mu mujyi wa Gisenyi avuga ko kuba inyubako zitanga serivisi zitagira ubwiherero ku bazigana bitera umwanda.
Agira ati “None tuvuge ko ari serivisi nziza, cyangwa ni ugukwirakwiza umwanda? Niba umuntu akugana ntabone aho yibohora nibura ngo umwishyuze, iyo atabonye akabari ajyamo, ashaka aho yikinga akibohora. Uwo se si umwanda?”
Mu Karere ka Rubavu muri rusange inyubako za Leta ni zo zifite ubwiherero bukoreshwa n’abazigana ariko iz’abikorera, umukiriya ni we wishakira uko abigenza kuko zifite ubw’abakozi gusa.
Mu karere ka Nyagatare naho, ku baturage barenga 600,000, umujyi ufite ubwiherero rusange buri ahantu hatatu ariho; muri gare, ku isoko n’ahitwa kwa Ngoga ariko bwo bukora gacye kuko habuze rwiyemezamirimo wabukoresha.
Abamotari baparika aho kwa Ngoga, ahakorerwa ibizamini by’impushya zo gutwara ibinyabiziga, munsi y’Iposita ku muhanda ugana Tabagwe na Rwempasha n’ahitwa ku Kiyenzi, wakwibaza aho biherera.
Umumotari witwa Twizerimana Sadi, avuga ko gukenera kwiherera ari ukwiyeranja.
Ati “Iyo unaniwe kwihangana watsa moto ukiruka imihanda yose ushaka aho wakemurira ikibazo. Turiyeranja sinzi uko nabikubwira, ni za nduru, ni ukunyanyagiza umwanda muri macye kuko mbona bajya hano mu mikingo.”
Mu mujyi wa Kigali ho ariko, akenshi ushaka ubwiherero mu nyubako iyo ari yo yose, bishobora koroha kubona ubufasha byihuse igihe unyuze ku ushinzwe umutekano, cyangwa ushinzwe isuku. Gusa naho bisaba kwishyura kuko nta bw’ubuntu buhaba.
Nk’umujyi ugendwa n’abaturutse hirya no hino ku isi, Kigali yo ikeneye kuba bandebereho, dore ko n’intego y’umujyi ari “umutekano, isuku, umurimo unoze.”
Mu gushaka kumenya ibyaba bikorwa ngo ibi bigerweho, Kigali Today yegeyeye umujyi wa Kigali ariko ntibigeze bashaka gubiza icyi kibazo.
Ubwiherero bukwiye kwishyuzwa?
Mu gihe inyungu ku nguzanyo ya banki ikomeza kwiyongera, ubu ikaba iri ku kigereranyo cya 18% mu mabanki y’u Rwanda, abashora imari mu bwubatsi bavuga ko ari ngombwa gukoresha uburyo bushobotse bwose ngo babyaze umusaruro buri serivisi yose batanga, bityo bagaruze ayo bashoye ku nzu, ndetse bishyure inguzanyo nta ngorane.
Mu gihe ubwiherero busa nk’aho budahenze, kuko ugiyemo yishyura igiceri cy’ijana, abakorera mu nzu z’ubucuruzi aho bagomba kwishyura, bavuga ko kwishyura ubwiherero ari umuzigo ubaremereye.
Nk’abacuruzi bakorera mu mujyi wa Musanze, bavuga ko ku munsi ari ibisanzwe ko umuntu yajya mu bwiherero inshuro eshanu, bityo akaba agomba kwishura Rwf 500. Umwe yagize ati: Hari igihe uba ntayo wakoreye, cyangwa se ukaba wanakoreye macye. Mbese ubwo waguza amafaranga yo kujya mu bwiherero? Ubundi se ko tuba twishyuye ubukode bw’amazu kuki bahindukira bakatwishyuza n’ubwiherero?”
Aha naho, usanga ngo hari abashaka aho bajya kwikinga, mu gihe badashoboye kugenda urugendo rw’iminota nka 20 ugana ku karere, ahari ubwiherero rusange bw’ubuntu.
Ikindi kijyanye no kwishyuza ariko, ni ubumuntu no guhyira mu gaciro. Umunyamakuru wa Kigali Today aherutse kujya kureba uko iki kibazo giteye, maze yegera umubyeyi ushinzwe kwishyuza ubwiherero, amubwira ko yagiye mu mihango, ku buryo yashoboraga kwiyanduza.
Yagize ati “Ntiza ubwiherero rwose nta giceri mfite ariko meze nabi.”
Ushinzwe kwishyuza yaramuhakaniye ati “Wajya mu isoko ukareba uguha igiceri, iyi ni businesi si imikino.”
Icyatangaje uyu munyamakuru, ni ukubona umubyeyi mugenzi we abura impuhwe ku kibazo azi neza ko kiba gikomeye. Agira ati: “Niba yarananiwe kunyumva, mbese umugabo ubwo niwe yakumva?”
Ikindi kimaze kumenyerwa, ni aho n’insengero zayobotse uyu mushinga wo kwishyuza ubwiherero, yaba umwana, umubyeyi n’umukambwe.
Dusoza inkuru yacu ntitwabura kuvuga ko n’ubwo amategeko agenga ibijyanye n’ubwiherero rusange ahari, kutagira urwego rwihariye rushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, bituma habaho kwitana bamwana ndetse n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rikagorana. Iyi ni nayo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma habaho ubwiherero rusange mu mpapuro ariko ababukeneye ntibabubone n’ababubonye bikabagora kubukoresha.
Abandi bagize uruhare muri iyi nkuru: ISHIMWE RUGIRA Gisele SEBUHARARA Syldio MURINDABIGWI Ephreum Marie Claire Joyeuse Simon Kamuzinzi
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