Sobanukirwa Nyungwe, ikigega cy’amazi n’ubuturo bw’ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe

Ushobora kuba unywa amazi ava ku ruganda rwa Nzove cyangwa urwa Kanzenze (Bugesera), ukabona imvura igwa mu Rwanda cyangwa ugahumeka umwuka ukonje utarimo imyotsi iteza indwara, ariko utazi ko ishyamba rya Nyungwe ryabigizemo uruhare.

Ni ishyamba kimeza ry’inzitane abantu baje basangaho, bishoboka ko mu myaka amagana ishize ryigeze kuba rifatanye na pariki y’Akagera mu burasirazuba hamwe n’iy’Ibirunga mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba.

Imiturire y’abantu, ubuhinzi, ubuhigi, ububaji, gucana ibiti n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe muri rusange, byasigiye iryo shyamba ubuso kugeza ubu butarenga kilometero kare (km²) 1,019, ndetse ukaba utakongera kuhabona inyamaswa nk’inzovu, ingwe, imbogo n’ibindi ngo byigeze kubamo.

Uburyo Nyungwe itanga amazi mu Rwanda n’ahandi muri Afurika

Ikigo gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere, Meteo-Rwanda, gihora gitangaza ko imvura igwa ahantu bitewe n’imiterere yaho, iyo hari amashyamba akabasha gutangira imiyaga ifite ubuhehere (amazi), bugahinduka ibicu mbere yo gutanga imvura.

Umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda akaba n’inzobere mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije, Prof François Naramabuye, asobanura ko ibimera biri muri Nyungwe ubwabyo mu guhumeka, bikurura amazi biyavana mu butaka bikayasohora bikoresheje amababi yabyo, ya mazi akajya mu kirere ari umwuka (Evapo-transpiration).

Uyu mwuka ufite ubuhehere ni wo uhinduka ibicu bitanga imvura, cyane cyane mu kirere cyo hejuru y’ishyamba rya Nyungwe, akaba ari yo mpamvu hakunda kugwa imvura nyinshi kurusha ahandi mu Gihugu, amasoko yaho akaba adashobora gukama mu gihe cy’impeshyi.

Muri Nyungwe ni ho hakomoka imigezi minini y’u Rwanda igize 75% by’amazi yose atemba mu Rwanda, imwe yiroha mu Kivu kikabyara uruzi rwa Congo, indi ikabyara Akanyaru na Nyabarongo, byahura bigahinduka Akagera.

Ikiyaga cya Kivu gisohokamo umugezi wa Rusizi, wiroha muri Tanganyika na yo ikabyara umugezi witwa Lukuga, ari wo soko ya kure y’uruzi rwa Congo, mu gihe Nyabarongo n’Akanyaru bikora Akagera kakajya gusohoka mu kiyaga Victoria kitwa Nili.

Muri make Nyungwe idahari hari abatuye u Rwanda, Burundi, Congo zombi (Brazzaville na Kinshasa), Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan y’Epfo, Sudan na Misiri, bakwimuka cyangwa bagapfa.

Uruhare rwa Nyungwe mu kuyungurura umwuka no kurinda Isi gushyuha

Prof Naramabuye akomeza agira ati “Uretse kohereza amazi mu kirere, ibiti byoherezayo umwuka mwiza ukenerwa n’abantu n’inyamaswa bikanagabanya ubushyuhe, byo bigakurayo umwuka wa karubone uteza isi gushyuha, ukaba uva mu bantu, mu byo bakora cyangwa mu nyamaswa.”

Prof Naramabuye avuga ko iyi myuka ya karubone ifite uruhare rukomeye mu kubuza imvura kugwa cyangwa kugwa ari nyinshi cyane mu bice bimwe by’isi (imihindagurikire y’ibihe).

Imiyaga yashyuhijwe n’uwo mwuka wa karubone ikumira isaranganywa ry’imvura ahantu hose, kuko iza igatwara ubuhehere buri mu kirere imvura igahita ibura aho hantu, ariko byagera ahandi hirundanirije ubwo buhehere bwinshi hagatera imyuzure n’inkangu.

Ishyamba rya Nyungwe n’ahandi hari ibiti byinshi, bishobora kuringaniza iyo mihindagurikire y’ikirere kuko imvura ihaboneka, ibyo biti bigakumira isuri, bigafasha ubutaka kwinjiza amazi y’imvura mu mariba y’ikuzimu, ari byo bibyara amasoko y’imigezi.

Dore ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe wasanga muri Nyungwe

Ukinjira muri iri shyamba ugenda uhura n’inyamaswa nk’ibitera, ibyondi, inkende, inkoto, impundu, inkima n’ibindi bisabantu bibarirwa mu moko 13, hamwe n’utunyamaswa tumeze nk’ihene twitwa ifumberi.

Ku muntu wifuza kumara igihe asura iri shyamba, abasha kuhabona zimwe mu nzoka zigera ku moko 26, arimo 11 y’izifite ubumara bukomeye (Serpents venimeux).

Izi nzoka zirimo izitwa ikimata, Great Lakes Bush Viper, Boomslanger, Black Tree Snake, Forest Cobra, Blind Snake (ikirumirahabiri) hamwe na Rhinoceros Viper, nk’uko uyobora ba mukerarugendo witwa Ntakirutimana Jean Damascène abisobanura.

Muri iri shyamba, cyane cyane ku gishanga kimira ukigiyemo cyitwa Kamiranzovu, ushobora kuhasanga inyoni z’amoko atandukanye, babaze bagasanga agera kuri 300.

Nyungwe igizwe n’ibimera by’amoko arenga 1,068, harimo ibiti birebire by’amoko arenga 240 (harimo n’icyitwa ribuyu kivamo imbaho zihenze cyane), ibindi bikaba ibyatsi byiganjemo umukipfu ugenda ushibuka aho ishyamba riba ryaragiye rishya, ibiti bikangirika.

Mu bimera bigufi bihari kandi hari ibyitwa ibishigishigi byakoreshwaga n’Abanyarwanda bo hambere mu gusakara cyangwa gukora uburiri, bikaba bishobora kumara imyaka irenze 1000 bikiriho.

Mu gihe urimo gusura Nyungwe kandi unyura ku bimera bivamo imiti nk’umushwati uvura inzoka nka amibe, n’ubwo nta kintu umuntu yemerewe kuvanamo cyangwa gusigamo.

Kuba muri Nyungwe nta bikorwa by’ubucukuzi, ubuhinzi n’ibindi byangiza amazi bihakorerwa, imigezi yaho usanga ari amazi y’urubogobogo wanywa wizeye ubuziranenge, hakaba n’ifite amasumo nk’iryitwa Ndambarare.

Gusura Ndambarare cyangwa kugendera ku kiraro cyambukiranya imisozi cyahubatswe, wishyura amafaranga y’u Rwanda guhera ku bihumbi 15Frw (Umunyarwanda), ukaba utanze umusanzu mu gukumira iyangirika ry’iryo shyamba, kuko havamo ubufasha buhabwa abaturiye iyo pariki kugira ngo batifuza kujyamo.

Mu mwaka wa 2005 ni bwo ishyamba rya Nyungwe ryahindutse pariki y’Igihugu, ndetse bitewe n’akamaro rifitiye abatuye isi muri rusange, muri 2023, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Uburezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco (UNESCO) ryashyize Nyungwe mu murage w’isi ukwiye kubungabungwa by’umwihariko.