Menya amateka y’ahitwa Ryamurari

Mu Rwanda usanga buri hantu hafite uko hitwa, kandi ayo mazina akaba afite inkomoko n’impamvu yayo. Nk’uko Kigali Today igenda ibagezaho inyito z’ahantu hatandukanye uyu munsi yabakusanyirije amateka y’ahitwa Ryamurari maze iganira n’Inteko y’Umuco iyibwira amateka yaho.

Ryamurari ni ahantu haherereye mu mpinga y’umusozi wa Mukama mu karere kitwaga Ndorwa mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu. Aho hantu ubu ni mu Mudugudu wa Bitabo, Akagari ka Bufunda, Umurenge wa Mukama, Akarere ka Nyagatare, mu Ntara y’Uburasirazuba.

Muri iyo mpinga ni ho hari umurwa w’abami b’i Ndorwa mbere y’uko impugu yabo yigarurirwa n’u Rwanda mu kinyejana cya 17 ku ngoma ya Cyirima II Rujugira.

Nubwo Ryamurari yari isanzwe ivugwa mu mateka y’u Rwanda, yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo kuhavumbura ibihome (earthworks) abatware cyangwa abami bo mu Ndorwa bari batuyemo. Ahandi ibihome nk’ibyo byavumbuwe muri aka Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari ni i Bigo mu majyaruguru ya Ankole muri Uganda.

Igihome (earthwork) ni ahantu abatunzi barundaga amabuye, ibyondo n’amase bigakora umukingo muremure umeze nk’urugo ruzengurutse amazu batuyemo. Uwo mukingo wabafashaga mu bwirinzi bwabo ndetse n’inka zabo.

Kugera mu wa 1960, impinga ya Mukama ntiyari ituwe kuko abaturage bahatinyaga, abakuru bakavuga ko Gahaya umwami wa Ndorwa yahasize imihamuro ye nk’uko bivugwa n’abasheshe akanguhe batuye kuri uwo musozi.

Gahaya yari umushambo akaba yari atunze inka nyinshi, iriba ryazo ari Bwunyu bwa Ngugu. Umugore we yitwaga Nyiragahaya, bari barabyaranye abana batandatu barimo Nyirabarera, Nyiramukiga, Nkandayijuru na Nyirankengeri. Gahaya yaje gutandukana na Nyiragahaya, aguma mu mpinga ya Mukama, naho umugore we ajya kwiturira mu ibanga ry’uwo musozi ahitwa mu Rugarama. Nyuma yo gutandukana, Gahaya yahaye Nyiragahaya inka zizamukamirwa ariko amubuza kuzishora ku iriba rihiye rya Bwunyu bwa Ngugu.

Nyiragahaya abonye ko nta handi azabona amazi y’amakera i Mukama, yigiriye inama ajya i Karagwe ubu ni muri Tanzaniya, azana ibibwana by’intare bibiri arabicirira kugira ngo atere ubwoba Gahaya amureke ashore ku iriba rye.

Intare zimaze gukura Nyiragahaya yashoye kuri rya riba, Gahaya abimenye ararakara cyane ategeka abagaragu be kumufata bakamumuzanira hamwe n’inka ze. Umugore agikubita amaso abo bagaragu yashumuye intare zirabica, zirara no mu mashyo ya Gahaya zica inka nyinshi. Abonye ibibaye yagize ubwoba, ahungira muri Ankole kuko yatinyaga ko Gahaya azihorera. Gayaha inka zimaze kumushiraho na we yarimutse yigira i Karagwe k’Abahinda, dore ko ngo n’abakurambere be ari ho bari barakomotse3.

Uretse inkuru nk’izo z’uruhererekane nyemvugo abanditsi b’amateka batandukanye na bo bemeza ko abami ba Ndorwa bari Abashambo, ikirangabwoko cyabo (totem) ari intare.

Umwami wa nyuma wategetse iyo mpugu mbere yo kwigarurirwa n’u Rwanda ni Gahaya II Muzora, mwene Murari wa Nyakajunga. Icyakora aba banditsi bo ntibavuga ko Gahaya yagiye i Karagwe, ahubwo bavuga ko yishwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda.

U Rwanda rwigaruriye Ndorwa mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 17 cyangwa mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 18 ku ngoma ya Cyirima II Rujugira. Icyo gihe Ndorwa yategekwaga na Gahaya II Muzora, ingabo ze ziyobowe na Nyabarega. Ingabo z’u Rwanda zatsinze iza Ndorwa zari ziyobowe n’igikomangoma Ndabarasa ndetse na Kamari ka Gahurira. Zatsinze zimaze kwica Gahaya n’umuhungu we Rubunda wagombaga kumusimbura.

Ubushakashatsi bw’amateka ashingiye ku bisigaratongo “archaeology” bawakozwe na Noten mu mwaka wa 1983 na bwo bwavumbuye ibimenyetso byinshi bigaragaza ko Umwami Gahaya ndetse na se Murari bombi batuye aho mu mpinga ya Mukama. Bimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso ni amatongo 18 ari muri iyo mpinga yari atuwemo hagati y’ikinyejana cya 17 n’icya 18.

Arindwi muri ayo matongo byari ibihome (earthworks) bikikijwe n’imigunguzi ifite ishusho y’ingo igizwe n’amabuye, amase n’ibyondo, ifite uburebure buri hagati ya metero 1,5 na 2,5. Igihome kinini muri ibyo cyari gifite umurambararo wa metero 48, gikikijwe n’umukingo ufite uburebure bwa metero 2,5 bikaba bikekwa ko ari ho hari ingoro y’umwami, naho ayo matongo yandi yari ay’ibyegera n’abagaragu be.

Ikindi kimenyetso cy’ubwami bwa Ndorwa kikigaragara i Mukama nubwo na cyo kiri mu marembera ni iriba ry’inka za Gahaya ryitwaga Bwunyu bwa Ngugu. Ubu iryo riba riri mu nkuka z’igishanga cya Mukama bahingamo umuceri. Uko amazi agenda aba make muri iryo riba, rimeramo ibyatsi byo mu gishanga n’abahinzi bakarushaho kurisatira. Abakozi b’Inteko y’Umuco barisuye mu mwaka wa 2014 bavuga ko icyo gihe ryari mu marembera.

Uretse ibyo bihome kandi byari byarubatswe kubera umutekano w’abami ba Ndorwa hamwe n’uw’ibintu byabo cyane cyane inka, izina “Ryamurari” ubwaryo rigaragaza ko mu mpinga ya Mukama ari mu itongo rya Murari ari we se wa Gahaya.

Igice kimwe cya Ryamurari ubu cyubatseho ikigo cy’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye cya Bufunda, ikindi ni amasambu y’abaturage. Icyakora abahatuye abenshi bateye ibiti by’imigorora (imihati) muri ayo masambu kugira ngo imitsindo n’imiterekero yahakorewe hagituwe n’abami ba Ndorwa itabagiraho ingaruka zikomeye.